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Observational constraints on massive black holes in the first billion years One of the most surprising results coming out of the first years of science operations with JWST is the unexpectedly high abundance of actively accreting black holes in the early Universe. Compared to the local population, many of these early black holes appear to […]

Cosmic rays in the interstellar medium Cosmic rays (CRs) are high energy particles with with an energy density comparable to the other energy densities in the interstellar medium (ISM) and very distinct cooling and transport processes. The low cooling efficiency of CRs allows them to travel long distances from their location of acceleration. As a […]

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Galaxy morphology: how the growth of their bulge shapes the evolution of galaxies -- Almost a century after the publication of the Hubble sequence (Hubble 1926), that classifies galaxies according to their shapes and features, galaxy morphology remains a topical issue. Indeed, the structure of galaxies provide insight on how they acquire their mass, grow […]

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Towards simulating the Epoch of Reionization on exascale supercomputers --  The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) represents a fundamental phase transition in cosmic history, demanding sophisticated numerical simulations to interpret observations of the high-z Lyman alpha forest, combined with HST/JWST, and upcoming 21cm surveys. Our latest Cosmic Dawn III simulation has redefined the state-of-the-art by simultaneously […]