TBD

Understanding metal enrichment in the early Universe through quasar spectroscopy -- Chemical elements heavier than helium – commonly referred to as “metals” in astrophysics – are synthesized by stars and distributed in the surrounding medium through various feedback mechanisms. This process plays a pivotal role in the baryon cycle of galaxies and is crucial for understanding galaxy […]

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD

TBD

Observational constraints on massive black holes in the first billion years One of the most surprising results coming out of the first years of science operations with JWST is the unexpectedly high abundance of actively accreting black holes in the early Universe. Compared to the local population, many of these early black holes appear to […]

Cosmic rays in the interstellar medium Cosmic rays (CRs) are high energy particles with with an energy density comparable to the other energy densities in the interstellar medium (ISM) and very distinct cooling and transport processes. The low cooling efficiency of CRs allows them to travel long distances from their location of acceleration. As a […]

TBD

TBD

TBD